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Production Chemistry
Good definition and understanding of fluid behaviour are critical in mitigating flow assurance risks and uncertainties. Glaramara have worked on wide range of projects involving a variety of fluid types and understand good fluid property definition is essential if robust system design and operability are to be ensured. Production chemistry also has a major impact on the chemical injection facilities required to be provided and analysis is performed in order to define the chemical injection necessary for each specific development. Analysis addresses chemical type, dosage concentrations , rates and highlights the operational scenarios/periods when each chemical is required.
Pipeline Thermo-hydraulics
Steady state and transient thermo-hydraulic analysis are performed in order to define a preferred system configuration and establish system operating envelopes. Hydraulic analysis considers the risk of erosion and establishes the occurrence and characteristics of any slugging in the system. Thermal analysis defines the risks associated with wax deposition and hydrate formation and determines a preferred heat transfer coefficient for various insulation configurations. Transient analysis is applied to simulate all modes of system operation including turndown, ramp-up, shutdown, cooldown, depressurization, pigging and restart.
Integrated Asset Modelling
Fluids do not recognise discipline boundaries. An integrated asset model can often be applied to remove these boundaries and build a simulation of a complete system from reservoir to surface process facilities. This “holistic” model can be applied for planning and optimisation of the entire asset whilst considering the complexities of interactions between sub-surface and surface. The value of such a model is its ability to more quickly and accurately evaluate the relative impact of system interdependencies, thus enabling comprehensive assessment of a wider range of scenarios, uncertainties and development opportunities.
Operability Assessments
As fields mature so the flowing conditions within associated production systems can change. This is often typified by increasing water cuts, falling pressures and reduced throughput. If robust production efficiency is to be ensured the role of flow assurance can therefore be just as important later in field life as it is during initial system design. A review of current system operating conditions is therefore often recommended in order to ensure that system production is maintained at its highest potential and that losses are quantified, and all risks are assessed. Where required, operating envelopes and strategies can then be modified.